indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
zip fastener; zipper; zip; chuck (device for holding a workpiece in a lathe or a tool in a drill)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
grandmother; old woman; female senior citizen
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
devil; demon; Satan; the Devil; Māra; evil spirits or forces that hinder one's path to enlightenment
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
slut; floozie; ho; bitch; witch; overbearing woman
how; in what way; how about
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
to tie; to bind; to fasten; to restrict (freedom); to tie down (with rules, regulations, etc.); to fetter
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
the heavens; the skies; celestial sphere; heavenly realm; deva realm
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)