indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
glasses; eyeglasses; judgment; judgement; four-eyes
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
else; in addition; besides
method; way; manner; process; procedure; means
name; given name; first name
young female rice planter; young girl
cool breeze; cool air; refreshing coolness
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to wager; to bet; to risk; to stake; to gamble
sorry; excuse me; thank you
general affairs department (bureau); executive section
younger brother; little brother; brother-in-law (spouse's younger brother or younger sister's husband); (arch.) pupil; (arch.) apprentice
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
older brother; elder brother; brother-in-law (spouse's older brother or older sister's husband)
changing clothes; change of clothes
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
I appreciate your efforts
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
cosmic dual forces; yin and yang; sun and moon; positive and negative (magnetic poles, electric terminals, etc.); cathode and anode
government office; agency; board
to raid; to storm; to launch an attack (on); to mount an assault (on)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
wise; clever; smart; well-behaved (esp. children and pets); obedient; good
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
mark; sign; to mark; to put a mark on; trademark; paying attention to
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
state of affairs; situation; conditions; circumstances
to turn over; to turn upside down; to knock over; to tip over; to overturn (e.g. a decision); to upset