indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
cosmic dual forces; yin and yang; sun and moon; positive and negative (magnetic poles, electric terminals, etc.); cathode and anode
cram school; private tutoring school; juku
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
explosion; detonation; blast; outburst (of emotion); explosion (e.g. of anger); eruption (e.g. of discontent)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to lower the curtain (at the end of a play); to come to an end; to finish
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
hospital; clinic; doctor's office; doctor's surgery; infirmary
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to carry; to transport; to come; to go; to use (a brush, chopsticks, etc.); to move
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
inside and outside; interior and exterior; inside and outside the country; home and abroad; around; about
together; jointly; at the same time; with; both
great (quantity, amount, etc.); huge; enormous; serious
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to take (by force); to take away; to snatch; to absorb (one's attention); to fascinate; to captivate
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
crow (Corvus spp.); raven
feather; plume; wing; shuttlecock (in badminton)
father; father (e.g. of a discipline); pioneer (e.g. of field of research); God; Father
already; previously; before; undeniably; unmistakably
to take away; to carry away
cram school building; dormitory for cram school students
restoration; repair; mending
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
bureau; department; office (e.g. post, telephone); broadcasting station (e.g. television, radio); affair; situation
Meguro City (special ward of Tokyo); Bonin white-eye (Apalopteron familiare)
to go to and from (a place); to go back and forth between; to go to (school, work, etc.); to attend; to circulate (e.g. blood, electricity); to be communicated (e.g. thought)
professional; pro; program; production; proletarian; proletariat
government; government service; the bureaucracy; government post; government official
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
to continue (for a long time); to occur in succession; to come next (e.g. on TV)
magic; sorcery; incantation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to learn; to study; to take lessons in
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
to account for; to make up; to occupy (a place, position, etc.); to hold (a rank, seat, etc.); to occupy (one's mind, heart, etc.); to weigh (on one's mind)