angle; square; cube; bishop; third degree (of the Japanese and Chinese pentatonic scale); Chinese "horn" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); jiao (monetary unit of China; one-tenth of a yuan)
meeting; assembly; party; society; association; club
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
soul; spirit; departed soul; ghost
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
government; administration; ministry
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
declaration of a state of emergency
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
before oneself; in front of one; a bit before reaching (a location); this side (of a location); one's standpoint; one's appearance; skill
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
spicy; hot; salty; harsh (criticism); severe (punishment); painful
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
purification rite (esp. one held prior to a Shinto event)
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
Doll's Festival (March 3); Girls' Festival; Peach Festival
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
to pick up; to adopt (a proposal); to take up (a topic); to take issue with; to make a problem of; to report (news); to cover
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
influence; effect; impact
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
to tell (a story); to give an account of (an event, experience, etc.); to relate; to tell of; to show; to indicate
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (of China; 9-23 CE)
cram school student; student of a private-tutoring school
enrolling at a cram school
cosmic dual forces; yin and yang; sun and moon; positive and negative (magnetic poles, electric terminals, etc.); cathode and anode
cram school; private tutoring school; juku
principal of a private school
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
junior (at work, school, etc.); younger people; younger student
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point