anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case
any more; any further; any better; any longer
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to pass (of time); to elapse
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
(not) even once; (not) ever
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
princess; Her Royal Highness
lately; recently; nowadays
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
public order; public peace; public security; law and order
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to say; to be called; to do
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
time; season; period; phase; stage
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
in that way; thus; so; so?
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
one way or another; in many ways; in various ways
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
to grow long (e.g. hair, nails); to lengthen; to extend; to reach out; to hold out; to straighten; to smooth out
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
citizen; citizenry; city inhabitant; townspeople; bourgeoisie; middle class
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays