today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this area; around here; this point; this much; this extent
to leave as; to view as; to maintain the status quo
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
bottle; jar; decanter; flagon; phial; vial
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
precisely; exactly; plumb; damn; stupid; cursed
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
apple (fruit); apple tree (Malus pumila)
to gnaw; to nibble; to bite; to dabble in; to have a smattering of
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
go on!; right!; here goes!
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; I feel regretful; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
honorific/polite/humble prefix
two persons; two people; pair; couple
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
change; alteration; difference; distinction; something wrong; abnormality
won't; hasn't; isn't; won't you
as usual; as always; as before; as ever; still
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
appearing that; seeming that; looking like; having the appearance of
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
accelerator; accelerator pedal; gas pedal
just now; a moment ago; this very minute
American continent; the Americas
than; from; out of; except; but; more
repatriation; return; (electrical) feedback