to say; to tell; to state; to do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
jeweler; gem dealer; jeweler's (jewelry) shop
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to be called; to do
when; how soon; how long until
honorific/polite/humble prefix
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
don't you think?; indicates question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
price; cost; charge; payment; bill; fee
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
near bankruptcy; edge of bankruptcy; bumper-to-bumper
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
what; what sort of thing; everything; anything; what (on earth)?; what's the meaning of this ...?
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
shrine; palace; imperial residence; Imperial prince; Imperial princess; headboard with built-in shelves, drawers, etc.
(your) words; what you say; what you have said; a few words (of welcome, advice, etc.)
(issuing) order requiring somebody to report personally (to a police station); subpoena
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
August; eighth month of the lunar calendar
fifteenth day of the month; fifteen days