that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
development; cultivation; application; exploitation (of resources)
robot; (mere) puppet; pawn; figurehead
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
general term; generic name
construction; establishment
engineering works; civil engineering; public works
field; sphere; realm; division; branch
diffusion; spread; popularization; promulgation; familiarization
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
by means of; due to; because of; according to
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
rapid increase; sharp rise; proliferation; surge; explosion
Metropolitan Police Department (Tokyo)
department (of a university or hospital); course (of study); branch of study; family
(wheeled) vehicle; car; (railroad) car; (railway) carriage; rolling stock
lesson; section (in an organization); division; counter for lessons and chapters (of a book)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
establishing; founding; setting up; organizing; establishment
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
opposition; rivalry; competition; antagonism
popular name; common name; nickname; alias
birth (of a person); nativity; creation; formation; one's first birthday
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
zero; 0; nought; nothing; zilch
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to see (someone) off; to escort; to watch (someone or something) go out of sight; to follow with one's eyes; to let (a bus, pitch, etc.) go by; to let pass; to postpone
manufacturer (esp. a major company); producer; maker; maker (person or device that makes something)
returning home to one's parents (orig. of a married person); visiting one's parents (for a prolonged period of stay); bride's first visit to her parents after getting married; coming back (of an item; after having been on loan, etc. abroad); (arch.) temporarily returning to one's home (of a servant)
oh; ah; if there is; as for that; that is
opposite side; other side; over there; ahead; destination; there (somewhere distant, esp. abroad)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
to cross over (e.g. mountain); to go across; to get over (e.g. hardship); to pass time (e.g. a winter); to surpass; to be better than; to move house
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
squirrel's foot fern (Davallia mariesii); Lepisorus thunbergianus (species of fern); color of clothing layers under one's overcoat (light green on blue); shinobu-wake (Edo-period women's hairstyle); clothing patterned using squirrel's foot fern
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker