that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
development; exploitation
robot; (mere) puppet; pawn; figurehead
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
general term; generic name
construction; establishment
engineering works; civil engineering; public works
field; sphere; realm; division; branch
diffusion; spread; popularization; promulgation; familiarization
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
rapid increase; proliferation; surge; explosion
Metropolitan Police Department (esp. Tokyo)
department; section; course (of study); branch of study; (taxonomical) family
rolling stock; railroad cars; wheeled vehicles
lesson; section (in an organization); division; counter for lessons and chapters (of a book)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
establishing; founding; setting up; organizing; establishment
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
opposition; rivalry; competition; antagonism
popular name; common name; nickname; alias
birth; creation; formation
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
ogre; demon; spirit of a deceased person; ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.); it (in a game of tag, hide-and-seek, etc.); Chinese "ghost" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); very
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
annulation; ring shape; loop shape
number; edition; sobriquet; pen-name; size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.); suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
line; stripe; line (e.g. telephone line); wire; ray (e.g. X-ray); beam; line (e.g. of a railroad)
road construction; roadworks; road repairs
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
disturbance; obstruction; hindrance; jamming; interference
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned