that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
development; cultivation; application; exploitation (of resources)
robot; (mere) puppet; pawn; figurehead
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
general term; generic name
construction; establishment
engineering works; civil engineering; public works
field; sphere; realm; division; branch
diffusion; spread; popularization; promulgation; familiarization
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
by means of; due to; because of; according to
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
rapid increase; sharp rise; proliferation; surge; explosion
Metropolitan Police Department (Tokyo)
department (of a university or hospital); course (of study); branch of study; family
(wheeled) vehicle; car; (railroad) car; (railway) carriage; rolling stock
lesson; section (in an organization); division; counter for lessons and chapters (of a book)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
establishing; founding; setting up; organizing; establishment
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
opposition; rivalry; competition; antagonism
popular name; common name; nickname; alias
birth (of a person); nativity; creation; formation; one's first birthday
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
squirrel's foot fern (Davallia mariesii); Lepisorus thunbergianus (species of fern); color of clothing layers under one's overcoat (light green on blue); shinobu-wake (Edo-period women's hairstyle); clothing patterned using squirrel's foot fern
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
then; well; so; well then
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
come (on); come now; all right; right; well; hmm
that way; that direction; that (one); that person; there; over there
depending on; as soon as; immediately after; as (e.g. "as one is told", "as one wishes"); whatever (e.g. "whatever is at hand"); order; program
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
have a good day; take care; see you
at; in; at; when; by; with; so