that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
development; cultivation; application; exploitation (of resources)
robot; (mere) puppet; pawn; figurehead
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
general term; generic name
construction; establishment
engineering works; civil engineering; public works
field; sphere; realm; division; branch
diffusion; spread; popularization; promulgation; familiarization
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
by means of; due to; because of; according to
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
rapid increase; sharp rise; proliferation; surge; explosion
Metropolitan Police Department (Tokyo)
department (of a university or hospital); course (of study); branch of study; family
(wheeled) vehicle; car; (railroad) car; (railway) carriage; rolling stock
lesson; section (in an organization); division; counter for lessons and chapters (of a book)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
establishing; founding; setting up; organizing; establishment
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
opposition; rivalry; competition; antagonism
popular name; common name; nickname; alias
birth (of a person); nativity; creation; formation; one's first birthday
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
going backward; turning back; backtracking; regression; retrogression; relapse
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
last night; yesterday evening
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
shintai; object of worship believed to contain the spirit of a deity, typically housed in a shrine
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
at; in; at; when; by; with; so