that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
development; cultivation; application; exploitation (of resources)
robot; (mere) puppet; pawn; figurehead
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
general term; generic name
construction; establishment
engineering works; civil engineering; public works
field; sphere; realm; division; branch
diffusion; spread; popularization; promulgation; familiarization
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
by means of; due to; because of; according to
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
rapid increase; sharp rise; proliferation; surge; explosion
Metropolitan Police Department (Tokyo)
department (of a university or hospital); course (of study); branch of study; family
(wheeled) vehicle; car; (railroad) car; (railway) carriage; rolling stock
lesson; section (in an organization); division; counter for lessons and chapters (of a book)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
establishing; founding; setting up; organizing; establishment
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
opposition; rivalry; competition; antagonism
popular name; common name; nickname; alias
birth (of a person); nativity; creation; formation; one's first birthday
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
time; hour; period; class
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt; sentence-ending particle expressing a rhetorical question
sakaki (species of evergreen sacred to Shinto, Cleyera japonica); evergreen (esp. one planted or used at a shrine)
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Formula One (form of motor racing); F1
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise