indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
cola (carbonated soft drink); kola tree (Cola acuminata, etc.); cola tree
speciality; specialty; special subject of study; sole interest; single focus; concentrating exclusively on
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
to drink; to swallow; to smoke (tobacco); to swallow up; to engulf; to suppress (one's anger, bitter feelings, etc.); to keep down
real talk; serious conversation
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
to find resolution; to be settled; to be collected; to be assembled; to be well arranged; to be in order
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
office; official; chief; head; person (usually a woman) who officiates at religious ceremonies (on the Yaeyama Islands in Okinawa)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
suffix for familiar person
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
dead body; corpse; cadaver; carcass
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that
(if) by some chance; by some possibility; in the unlikely event that; (unlikely event of) emergency; the worst(-case scenario)
somewhere; in some respects; in some way
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed