no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
cola (carbonated soft drink); kola tree (Cola acuminata, etc.); cola tree
speciality; specialty; subject of study; expert; area of expertise
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
real talk; serious conversation
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
to find resolution; to be settled; to be collected; to be assembled; to be well arranged; to be in order
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
(arch.) office; (arch.) official; chief; head; (Yaeyama Islands in Okinawa) person (usually a woman) whose duty it is to officiate at religions ceremonies
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
suffix for familiar person
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
dead body; corpse; cadaver; carcass
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that
(if) by some chance; by some possibility; in the unlikely event that; (unlikely event of) emergency; the worst(-case scenario)
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use