at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
miko; shrine maiden; young girl or woman (trad. an unmarried virgin) who assists priests at shrines; medium; sorceress; shamaness
thorough; exhaustive; complete
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
meek; quiet; docile; mysterious; marvelous; marvellous
expression; look; countenance; face
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
prior; beforehand; in advance; before the fact; ex ante
investigation; examination; inquiry; enquiry; survey
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
rate; ratio; profit; assignment; 10%; unit of ten percent; match
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
vote; ballot; label; ticket; tag
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to keep within limits (e.g. spending); to restrain (e.g. emotions); to control; to hold back (e.g. an enemy); to check; to curb
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
go that far; to that extent
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
hidden ball trick; ace up one's sleeve; secret weapon
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
certain; sure; definite; reliable; sound; solid
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement