event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
party; set; gang; company; person
fellow; mutual; companion; comrade
domestic discord; internal discord; internal strife; internal struggle; infighting
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
processing; dealing with; treatment; disposition; disposal
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
law and politics; justice administration
department; section; course (of study); branch of study; (taxonomical) family
without penalty; acquittal; impunity
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
older sister; elder sister; young lady; miss; ma'am
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
flat; level; flat (e.g. in 10 seconds flat); exactly; flat; flat
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
long ago; already; a long time ago
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
in that way; thus; so; so?
than; from; out of; except; but; more
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few