to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
fox (esp. the red fox, Vulpes vulpes); fox (i.e. a sly person); soba or udon topped with deep-fried tofu; light brown; golden brown
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
name; given name; first name
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
surname; family name; last name
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
priority; order of precedence
under (influence, control, conditions, etc. of); during (war, occupation, etc.)
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
neighbour; neighbor; neighbourhood; neighborhood
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; movie (esp. during the silent movie period)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...