indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
trade; business; commerce; occupation; calling; profession
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
fluently (speaking a foreign language); incessantly (speaking); glibly; one after the other (flipping through pages); thin (paper, cloth, etc.); flimsy
to talk; to chat; to chatter
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
military of the Empire of Japan
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
protracted war; war of attrition
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
magnificent; grand; majestic; splendid
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
to dig; to excavate; to delve into; to dig up (e.g. vegetables); (for two men) to have anal sex
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to hide; to be hidden; to conceal oneself; to disappear
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
boo! (sound used to scare someone); ugh (dissatisfaction, aggravation); ulp (consternation)
dangerous; risky; in danger; in jeopardy; uncertain; unreliable
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
shop; store; somebody who sells (something) or works as (something); somebody with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
son (of others); boy; young master; green young man from a well-to-do family; young man innocent of the ways of the world
bill; bill of sale; tab (for later payment); credit; contact move (in go); direct attack to an enemy stone; sound effect produced by striking with clappers a wooden board in kabuki
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
amount of payment; amount paid