-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
the other day; lately; recently
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
regrettable; disappointing; precious; dear; too good for; deserving better
so much; so often; oh, yes!; that's it; that's right; quite
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
splendid; nice; sufficient; fine (in the sense of "I'm fine"); well enough; OK
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
line; stripe; line (e.g. telephone line); wire; ray (e.g. X-ray); beam; line (e.g. of a railroad)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
in that way; thus; so; so?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
tail; tael (Chinese unit of mass and currency); tailcoat; tails
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
what did you just say (to me)?; what's that?
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to recall; to remember; to recollect
tasks; things to do; errand; business (to take care of); affairs; engagement
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead