-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
the other day; lately; recently
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
regrettable; disappointing; precious; dear; too good for; deserving better
so much; so often; oh, yes!; that's it; that's right; quite
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
splendid; nice; sufficient; satisfactory; not needing (any more of something); (already) having enough
(on the) right track; (on the) right lines
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
both (people); the two of them
to fall; to drop; to set (of the sun or moon); to sink; to decrease (of popularity, quality, speed, sales, etc.); to fall; to be inferior (to)
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
line; stripe; line (e.g. telephone line); wire; ray (e.g. X-ray); beam; line (e.g. of a railroad)
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to run away; to flee; to avoid (a question, responsibility, etc.); to evade; to win without being overtaken; to hold off the other contenders (until the finish)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
what did you just say (to me)?; what's that?
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to recall; to remember; to recollect
business; things to do; engagement; errand; affairs
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead