indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thickness; profundity; depth
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
younger brother; little brother; brother-in-law (spouse's younger brother or younger sister's husband); (arch.) pupil; (arch.) apprentice
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
older brother; elder brother
elementary school student; primary school student; grade school student
homework; assignment; pending issue; unresolved problem; open question
(one's) older sister; (one's) elder sister; girl
height; stature; length (esp. of clothing); all (one has); everything; magnificence (of a waka poem, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
honorific/polite/humble prefix
myself; yourself; I; me; you
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
how; in what way; how about
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity