indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
(Internet) troll; disturber; raising havoc; laying waste; robbery; holdup
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
Okinawan dish of pig ears
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
now; the present time; just now; another; more
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
adds force or indicates command
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort