indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
tool; means; ingredients (added to soup, rice, etc.); counter for sets of armor, utensils, furniture, etc.
other; another; over; more than; I; me
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
adds force or indicates command
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
chalice (for Holy Communion); Holy Chalice; Holy Grail
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
hero; heroine; Eroica Symphony (Beethoven, 1804); Heroic Polonaise (Chopin)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing