indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
honorific/polite/humble prefix
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
jump; jumping event (skiing, track and field); jumping (to another page after clicking a hyperlink); jump (in price); sudden rise
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
pupil; student; schoolchild
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
(another's) daughter; young lady (of pampered upbringing); woman who has never known hardship; naive woman