indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
honorific/polite/humble prefix
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
in that way; thus; so; so?
to run over (with a vehicle); to knock down
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
(another's) daughter; young lady (of pampered upbringing); woman who has never known hardship; naive woman
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...