indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
(another's) daughter; young lady (of pampered upbringing); woman who has never known hardship; naive woman
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
summer vacation; summer holiday
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
pupil; student; schoolchild
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
honorific/polite/humble prefix
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
in that way; thus; so; so?
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
farewell; adieu; goodbye; so long
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
after all; because; but; even; too; as well