indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
neighborhood; neighbourhood; vicinity; environs; surrounding area; district
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
passing through (a tunnel, station, town, etc.); passing by (e.g. of a typhoon); passage (of a bill, e.g. through parliament); carriage; passing (an examination, inspection, etc.); clearing
medium (size); average (grade, level, etc.); in; within; during; while; currently (doing)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
unobstructed view; perspective; forecast; outlook; insight; foresight
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
authorities; relevant authorities; authorities concerned; this office
strict; severe; stringent; rigorous; rigid; firm
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
vigilance; caution; alertness; precaution; being on guard
to call out to; to hail; to address; to appeal (e.g. to the public); to urge; to exhort
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
so; like this; in this way; this much; to this extent
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
as one would expect; just as you'd expect (from); still; all the same; even ... (e.g. "even a genius")
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
absurd; unreasonable; extreme; senseless; disorderly; chaotic
whistling sound; wheezing sound; sound of the wind; wuthering; howling; soughing
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
name; given name; first name
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
sorry; excuse me; thank you
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of