indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
caravan; group of people touring to sell, investigate, etc.
being brought to a standstill; being stranded; being stumped; being in a dilemma; dying while standing (and remaining standing); dying on one's feet
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
before very long; soon; someday; of the previously mentioned; of that number; among them
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to become confused (disconcerted, disorganized, disorganised); to be flustered; to panic; to hurry; to rush; to hasten
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to excite; to incite; to stimulate; to arouse; to tempt; to stir up
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
middle-aged man; Buddhist priest
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to force someone to clamp with their teeth; to force into someone's mouth (e.g. a gag); to wedge into a space; to inflict (a blow); to deal (a hit); to pull (a joke)
so; to such an extent; such
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
particle used to indicate the speaker's hope, desire, wish, etc. (e.g. "it would be nice if ...", "I wish there were ...", etc.); emphatic particle; particle adding uncertainty
myself; yourself; I; me; you
occupation; profession; job; vocation; trade; calling
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
unskillful; poor; awkward; imprudent; untactful