to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
idiot; dummy; joker; fool; trickster
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
historical document; archives; old manuscript; pre-Meiji era document addressed to someone in particular
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
republication; reissue; reprinting; reproduction
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to put on; to wear; to be clothed in; to be clad in; to be dressed in; to be wrapped in
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
that's true; of course; obviously
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
generally; on the whole; general; rough; outline; main points
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
(medieval) knight; samurai on horseback
manners; etiquette; propriety; manner of production (esp. of prose, poetry, etc.); way of making
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
to pull out; to draw out; to omit; to leave out; to do to the end; to do thoroughly; to let out (e.g. air from a tyre)
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
the front; honest; upright; decent
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
to come out; to fall out; to fade; to discolour; to wear a hole (e.g. clothes); to leave (e.g. a meeting); to be clear
large; big; older; senior; final; ultimate
tomfoolery; foolish act; nonsense; fool; idiot
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
soul; spirit; willpower; vitality; something as important as one's own life; something invaluable
(some) more; even more; longer; further