your Highness; his Highness; her Highness
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(Japanese) imperial succession
right (to do something); authority; power
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
test; trial; probation; ordeal; tribulation
(in) the middle of; (in) the midst of; (in) the course of; (at) the height of
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
designation; specification; assignment; appointment; pointing at
territory; dominion; grounds (e.g. school)
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
domination; rule; direction; management; control (e.g. over one's emotions); determining (e.g. one's fate)
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to pledge allegiance; to swear an oath of allegiance; to take an oath of allegiance
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
contents; content; substance; matter; detail; import
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
at once; immediately; right now
eternity; perpetuity; permanence; immortality
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
right of control; supremacy; sovereignty
transfer; assignment; conveyance
to refuse; to reject; to inform; to give notice; to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very