indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
exile; banishment; eviction; elimination (e.g. of poverty); removal
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
just like; (virtually) no different from; (almost) the same as; as good as (e.g. dead, settled)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
situation; (present) state of affairs; circumstances
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
private citizen; civilian
finally; at last; ultimately; in the end
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
smallness; small item; short month (i.e. having fewer than 31 days); elementary school; smaller (of two things, places, etc. with the same name); inferior; younger (of two people with the same name)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
complete; completion; perfection; accomplishment
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
opening to the public; making available to the public; putting on display; exhibiting; showing (play, movie, etc.); holding (interview, etc.)
the eve (of a festival) (e.g. Christmas Eve)
party (gathering, celebration, etc.); party (group, political, etc.)
How did you like ...?; How about ...?; What's going on?; How's it going?
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
leading part; leading actor; leading actress
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
lonely; lonesome; solitary; desolate
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
manager (e.g. of a business, an idol, etc.); in a sports team (esp. at school) someone who does the routine drudge work
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress