indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
onigiri; rice ball (often triangular, sometimes with a filling and wrapped in nori)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
(several) tens; dozens; scores (of)
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
rosary; string of prayer beads
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be disconnected; to get out of place; to miss the mark; to get it wrong (e.g. guess, expectation); to be removed; to be excluded
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to make sure; to check; to ascertain; to confirm; to verify
pride (in one's achievements, possessions, etc.); self-praise; boast
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish