indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
roughly; broadly; generally; more or less
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
your house; your home; your husband; your organization; you
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to stay at (e.g. hotel); to be docked; to be berthed; to be moored
to let pass; to allow through; to transmit (e.g. light, sound, etc.); to conduct (electricity); to stick through (e.g. a hole); to force through (e.g. an opening); to connect (e.g. two places)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
difficult; tough; formidable; redoubtable; stubborn
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
terrible; dreadful; terrifying; surprising; startling; tremendous
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be torn off; to come off
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
home; household; family; hearth
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
to dominate (usu. one's husband)
household with the wife as the boss; wife wearing the pants; wife ruling the roost; house with a henpecked husband
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hit (e.g. one's head); to strike; to throw (at); to fling (at); to vent (e.g. one's anger); to express (one's feelings)