Kyūan era (1145.7.22-1151.1.26)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
fashion; way; school (of thought); class; rank; current (electrical, water, etc.)
combat; battle; action; active service; actual fighting
Chinese martial arts; kung fu; wushu; kenpō (martial arts); kempo
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
establishment; founding; organization; organisation
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
plain; field; hidden (structural) member; wild; lacking a political post
match; game; bout; contest
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
victory; triumph; conquest; success; win
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be defeated; to be beaten; to be unsuccessful; to lose
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
deplorable; regrettable; disappointing; vexing; unfortunate
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
all you want; as much as one wants
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to break; to destroy; to wreck; to ruin; to break (a bill, etc.)
most; highest; maximum; best; wonderful; finest
unable to fight (esp. in video games); unconscious; knocked out; dead
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")