indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; the present time; just now; another; more
probably; likely; perhaps; a lot of; much; many
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
painful; difficult; distressing; (psychologically) difficult; straitened (circumstances); tight (financial situation)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
I see; that's right; indeed
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
circulation; dissemination
bad; wrong; must not (do, be); should not; useless; no good; hopeless
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
pish; pooh; I see; oh; indeed
coffee shop; tearoom; coffee lounge; kissaten; traditional type of coffee shop with a retro atmosphere
kitchen; galley; (Internet) troll
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
part; portion; amount; worth (as in "two days' worth"); one's means; one's place; one's duty
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style; one Buddhist image
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
of course; certainly; naturally