indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
cohabitation (usu. of a romantically involved couple); living together
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
agreement; consent; same opinion; same view; same meaning
indication; denotation; designation; instructions; directions
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
marsh; swamp; wetland; being hooked (on a video game, TV show, etc.)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
solitude; loneliness; isolation
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
organization; organisation; structure; construction; system (e.g. railroad, transport, party, etc.); tissue; texture (of a rock)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out