honorific/polite/humble prefix
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
to give an answer; to find an answer to a question; to work out a solution
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
Vermilion Bird (god said to rule over the southern heavens); seven mansions (Chinese constellations) of the southern heavens
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
well done!; good job!; good work!; you did it!; bravo!
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
now; the present time; just now; another; more
another person; other people; unrelated person (i.e. not related by blood); outsider; stranger
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor