year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
style; manner; way; after (period of time) again (e.g. meeting again after a year); for the first time in (period of time)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
honorific/polite/humble prefix
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
perhaps; likely; probably; I dare say
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
until now; so far; up to the present
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
even if; no matter (what); if; though; although; supposing
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
even if ...; even supposing that ...; also as ...; also for ...; also from the position of ...
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
key; lock; key (to a problem); clue
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
in that way; thus; so; so?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
to desire; to wish for; to expect; to see; to command (a view of)
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
at least; at most; (even) just