indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
when push comes to shove; when needed; when necessity arises; when the moment arrives
to fly; to soar; to jump; to leap; to spatter; to scatter; to hurry
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
lateness; tardiness; arriving late
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to wear (in modern Japanese, from the shoulders down); to put on; to bear (guilt, etc.)
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
in that way; thus; so; so?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
senior high school; high school
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
transfer student; student changing schools
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
introduction; presentation; referral; listing
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
the other day; lately; recently
(social) position; status
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become