hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
so; like this; in this way
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
appeal; call for something; request; axiom
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
I'm off; see you later; to go (and then come back)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
indicates supposition; if ... then; when; (typically after someone's name) indicates exasperation
to adhere to; to stick to; to keep close to; to go along with; to get involved with; to be thick with
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
just like that; quite so; I agree; (lit.) that street
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
punishment; spanking; smacking; chastisement; scolding
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
that gentleman; that lady; he; she