indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cross (e.g. road); to traverse
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
youngster; boy; young Buddhist monk; young bonze; young shop-boy; errand boy
to sit (down); to have a seat; to be seated; to assume (a position); to take on (a duty); to occupy (a post)
to calm down; to compose oneself; to calm down; to settle down; to settle down (in a location, job, etc.); to settle in; to be settled (of an arrangement, conclusion, etc.)
please (give me); please (do for me)
for now; for the time being; for the present; though not quite satisfactorily; after a fashion
seat; location (of a gathering, etc.); place; position; post
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you; you shouldn't have; it's too much
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
dangerous; risky; in danger; in jeopardy; uncertain; unreliable
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
to spread; to extend; to unfold; to open; to scatter about; to spread around
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
brothers and sisters; siblings; half-siblings; step-siblings; mate; friend
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
detour; circuitous route; diversion
spare time; free time; time (it takes to do something); time required; time off; leave; dismissal
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible