indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
pleasant smell; aroma; fragrance; pleasant-smelling vegetation
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
mourning; abstinence; taboo; religious purification; pure; holy
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
non-legal public road (denoted by a red line on cadastral maps; sometimes no longer physically existing)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
pink (any flower of genus Dianthus, esp. the fringed pink, Dianthus superbus); (arch.) lovable, caressable girl
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
fox with supernatural powers
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to do completely; to do accidentally; to do without meaning to; to happen to do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you