yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
road; path; way; set of practices; Buddhist teachings; Taoism; modern administrative region of Japan (Hokkaido)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
spoiled; spoilt; ruined; loss of face
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
treasure; picture of a treasure ship; money; cash
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
getting (something); obtaining; scoring (goal, point, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to sew; to stitch; to weave one's way (e.g. through a crowd)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
fox with supernatural powers
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
punishment; spanking; smacking; chastisement; scolding
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
after that; afterwards; thereafter
kappa; mythical water-dwelling creature; excellent swimmer; cucumber; cucumber sushi wrapped in nori (seaweed)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship