indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
practical use; application; conjugation; inflection
contest; comparison; competition
to abbreviate; to omit; to take; to capture
consequence; outcome; result; blame
and; moreover; besides; as well as; and on top of that; at the same time
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that's the way it is; such is life
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
from time immemorial; ancient; time-honoured; time-honored
than; from; out of; except; but; more
irregular; indeterminate; tramp (steamer)
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
entry qualifications; joining qualifications
restriction; restraint; limitation; limit
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
arm; skill; efforts; ability
memory; sense; experience
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
anyone; anybody; everyone; everybody; whoever
participation; joining; entry; adherence
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember