this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
more or less; though not quite satisfactorily; tentatively; for the time being; just in case; once
washing; laundry; relaxing; taking a break
exchange; interchange; switching; reciprocity; barter; substitution
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
never mind that; don't worry about that; listen up
H; h; indecent; lewd; (having) sex; nth year in the Heisei era (1989.1.8-2019.4.30)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
than; from; out of; except; but; more
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
local specialty or souvenir bought as a gift while travelling; present brought by a visitor; something unpleasant that one is given (e.g. an illness while on vacation); unwelcome gift
two persons; two people; pair; couple
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
proof; evidence; certificate; license; to testify (usu. Christian religious context); enlightenment
you're welcome; don't mention it; not at all; my pleasure
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
to pass (by) each other; to brush past; to miss (meeting) each other; to fail to meet; to be at odds; to clash
even if ...; even supposing that ...; also as ...; also for ...; also from the position of ...
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
(some) more; even more; longer; further
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be buried; to be covered; to overflow; to be crowded; to be repaid (e.g. debt); to be replenished
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally