indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
suffix for familiar person
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
in that way; thus; so; so?
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
(ancient) Japan; Yamato (former province located in present-day Nara Prefecture)
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
(I) will; (I) shall; let's; (I) wonder (if); might it be (that); hey
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen