indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
suffix for familiar person
slut; floozie; ho; bitch; witch; overbearing woman
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
teddy (bear) (type of lingerie)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
reverse; opposite; converse (of a hypothesis, etc.); inverse (function)
roll (e.g. of cloth); winding (e.g. watch); volume (of book); speeding up; heel (of a Japanese sandal)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
(some) more; even more; longer; further
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
forever; for good; eternally; as long as one likes; indefinitely; no matter what
God; god; ace; king; superior person