somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
for your information; I'm telling you
older brother and younger sister
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
flute; fife; pipe; whistle
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be given the cold shoulder; to be jilted; to be rejected; to be dumped
inconsequential; indifferent; not worth worrying about; whatever; whichever; I don't care
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
than; from; out of; except; but; more
fraud; trickery; hoax; swindle; counterfeit; fake
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
contents; content; substance; matter; detail; import
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
oath; pledge; pact; covenant; alliance
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
injustice; unfairness; wrongdoing; iniquity; impropriety; irregularity
detection (of a plot, fraud, etc.); discovery; coming to light; being uncovered
defeat; loss; reverse; setback
to consider as; to regard (as equivalent); to deem (as); to equate
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
thanks to ...; owing to ...; because of ...
king; queen; monarch; the Crown (as a focus of authority in the UK, etc.); the throne
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)