indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
chance; opportunity; machine; aircraft; counter for aircraft; counter for (remaining) lives
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
goal; target; aim; mark; sign; landmark
first number (e.g. issue of a magazine); No. 1 type
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
energy; energy; strength; energy source; energy resource; food energy
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
than; from; out of; except; but; more
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
without; unacceptable; not alright; unsatisfactory
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial