indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
please (give me); please (do for me)
chance; opportunity; machine; aircraft; counter for aircraft; counter for (remaining) lives
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
first number (e.g. issue of a magazine); No. 1 type
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
honorific/polite/humble prefix
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
prefix for forming ordinal numbers