indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
alien (from another planet)
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
ramming attack; hurling oneself (at); throwing oneself into (e.g. a role); going all out
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to sink (e.g. a ship); to submerge; to lower (e.g. one's body into a chair); to floor (an opponent)
readiness; preparedness; resolution; resignation
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to dodge; to evade; to avoid; to sidestep
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
again; once more; a second time
to recognise; to recognize; to know by sight; to become acquainted with
outer space; void of space
to jump out; to rush out; to appear (suddenly); to protrude; to project; to butt in
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
specific gravity; relative density; relative importance; weight
surface; face; outside; exterior; appearances; superficiality
degree (angle, temperature, scale, etc.); counter for occurrences; strength (of glasses); glasses prescription; alcohol content (percentage); alcohol by volume; extent
how; in what way; how about
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
several types; several kinds; several species
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
mostly; nearly; practically; well-nigh; almost invariably; all but