to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
appearance; arrival; make one's appearance
now; the present time; just now; another; more
exactly; surely; right then; just then; just (about to); on the verge (of doing or happening)
ground; earth; the solid earth; the (vast) land
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to wake up; to awake; to awaken to (instinct, ability, perception, etc.); to become aware of; to come to one's senses
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to become confused (disconcerted, disorganized, disorganised); to be flustered; to panic; to hurry; to rush; to hasten
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
disaster; calamity; misfortune; trouble; woes
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
pasturing; letting (an animal) run loose; letting (someone) do as they please; leaving (something) to take its own course; letting (an issue) go unchecked
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to overdo; to do too much
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
time for ...; time to ...; good opportunity to ...; season
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
my goodness!; oh my!; oh dear!
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
wise person; virtuous person; sage; unrefined sake
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
preparation; arrangements
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to remove; to take off; to drop (e.g. from a team); to remove (from a position); to leave (e.g. one's seat); to go away from
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
be guided by your children when you are old